Seasonal changes in the abundance and composition of plant pigments in particulate organic carbon in the lower Mississippi and Pearl Rivers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shuiwang Duan  Thomas S. Bianchi 《Estuaries and Coasts》2006,29(3):427-442

Plant pigments in particulate organic carbon were examined in the lower Mississippi and Pearl Rivers (U.S.), along with physical variables and nutrients to study seasonal changes in the abundance and composition of phytoplankton. Water samples were collected monthly from September 2001 to August 2003 in the lower Mississippi River (MR; no samples were taken in February 2002) and from August 2001 to July 2003 in the Pearl River (PR). High concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), nutrients, and chlorophylla (chla; dominated by diatoms) were observed in the lower MR. The smaller blackwater PR was characterized by lower nutrients and chla, higher ultraviolet absorbance, and a phytoplankton biomass dominated by chlorophytes. Chla concentrations in the lower MR was high in summer low-flow periods and also during interims of winter and spring, and did not couple with physical variables and nutrients, likely due to a combination of in situ production and inputs from reservoirs, navigation locks and oxbow lakes in the upper MR and Missouri River. Chla concentrations in the PR was only high in summer low-flow periods and were controlled by temperature and concentrations of chromophoric dissolved organic matter 9CDOM). The high, diatom-dominated phytoplankton biomass in the lower MR was likely the result of decreasing TSS (increased damming in the watershed) and increasing nutrients (enhanced agricultural runoff) over the past few decades. Lower phytoplankton biomass (dominated by chlorophytes) in the PR was likely linked with intense shading by CDOM and lower availability of nutrient inputs. An increase in the relative importance of phytoplankton biomass in large turbid rivers, such as the MR, could have significant effects on the age and lability of riverine organic matter entering the ocean, the stoichiometric balance of nutrients delivered to coastal margins, and the sequestration of atmospheric CO₂ in these dynamic regions.  相似文献   

低纬高原地区MM5v3不同参数化方案降水模拟试验   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

段旭  王曼  刘建宇  段玮 《气象》2006,32(4):16-23

为了进一步了解MM5模式在低纬高原降水预报性能，利用MM5模式中的3个物理过程组合了7个不同的参数化试验方案，对低纬高原地区2005年主汛期进行了降水数值试验。结果表明：第三重嵌套网格中的Grell积云参数化、Goddard显式水汽和Cloud（或RRTM）辐射过程组合的试验方案对降水预报效果较好，特别是对大雨和暴雨预报有明显的改善；在将试验结果插值到测站点时，不同扫描半径对插值结果有一定影响，相对而言，20～30km扫描半径插值结果较为理想。  相似文献   

全球大气位势高度场气候变率的球函数分析          下载免费PDF全文

闫巨盛王盘兴  段明铿李巧萍 叶玲萍 《应用气象学报》2006,17(2):145-151

为了研究全球大气位势高度场的气候变率, 利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 按照距平高度场平均强度指数 (I_a) 分析发现, 半球距平高度场强度呈年单周振荡, 冬大夏小, 冬季随高度单调增大, 夏季有弱高、低值中心出现, 而北、南半球的差异明显表现在季节变化上; 进一步根据半球大气位势高度距平场球函数谱低维、低阶的基本特征, 将半球环流异常分为半球均匀异常 ( H ′₀₀)、纬向均匀异常 ( H ′₀)、超长波尺度异常 ( H ′_ul) 和长波尺度异常 ( H ′_l) 4种类型, 用波数域0≤m, k≤6上的球函数系数资料求得它们的方差贡献, 给出了4类异常的方差贡献随高度、季节变化的规律以及它们的半球际差异。由此得到异常环流球函数谱结构的总体特征为:对流、平流层之间存在明显变化。从对流层进入平流层, 一般由超长波异常为主转为纬向均匀异常为主 (冬半球) 或半球均匀为主 (夏半球); 半球均匀异常在对流层中不重要, 长波尺度异常在平流层中不重要, 它们拟合异常方差一般均小于10%; 北、南半球最大差异表现在冬季平流层R′₀₀和冬、夏季对流层R′₀南半球大于北半球, 冬、夏季对流层R′_l北半球大于南半球。  相似文献   

西江流域夏季严重旱涝的气候背景及前兆强信号   总被引：7，自引：9，他引：7  

彭端  温坚培  唐洁 《广东气象》2006,(3):27-30

分别将西江流域夏季出现严重洪涝和干旱年份的500 hPa高度和太平洋海温的距平进行合成,讨论了洪涝期和干旱期大气环流和海温变化的气候背景特征。结果表明,西江流域严重涝或旱期的大气环流和海温场存在着显著的差异:涝年欧洲槽强而活跃,旱年乌拉尔山高脊为强势;涝年赤道东太平洋的海温偏低,旱年的海温场呈现暖事件的特征。以2个异常涝和旱年为例,使用信噪比的方法识别发生异常旱涝的前期大气环流的强信号。异常洪涝和干旱的前期,大气环流表现出的强信号位置分布是相反的。东亚地区大气环流的异常,特别是青藏高原的东侧与南侧,我国东北部至日本海附近500hPa高度的异常变化,是西江流域出现异常旱涝的前兆强信号。其异常变化表现出涝年与旱年的高度场为相反的分布形势特征:涝年是东低西高,旱年是东高西低。  相似文献   

无明显滑面岩质边坡危险滑移路径搜索     

熊翀  段建 《岩土工程技术》2007,21(4):163-166

对无明显滑面岩质边坡危险滑移路径的搜索算法进行了改进研究,提出以总抗滑储备密度最小为判据的动态规划方法来确定边坡的危险滑移路径及其安全系数大小的方法,并通过算例得到了验证。  相似文献   

A simulation study on pre-landfall erratic track of typhoon Haitang (2005)     

H. Yu  W. Huang  Y. H. Duan  J. C. L. Chan  P. Y. Chen  R. L. Yu 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2007,97(1-4):189-206

Summary A new typhoon model named as GRAPES_TCM is applied to study the pre-landfall erratic track of Typhoon Haitang (2005), which hit China twice in mid-July by making landfall in Taiwan and Fujian provinces consecutively. The model is based on the Chinese Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System (GRAPES) and put into real-time operational test since 2004. It predicts almost correctly the pre-landfall loop and sharp turn of Haitang and its asymmetric rainfall distribution. Haitang’s erratic track is well explained by the potential vorticity (PV) theory on tropical cyclone motion, with the typhoon center moving toward the area of maximum wave-number 1 (WN1) PV tendency most of the time. Among the terms contributing to the WN1 PV tendency, the horizontal advection of PV is dominant with the diabatic heating and residual terms also being not negligible. A sensitivity experiment is carried out with removal of the Taiwan terrain to determine its importance in the erratic track of Haitang and it is found that the basic erratic feature of Haitang’s track remians unchanged although it tends to have a larger loop and a weaker northward turn, which suggests that Taiwan terrain may not be a key factor here. The sudden change of Haitang’s moving direction is always accompanied by a newly-generated or re-intensified WN1 PV center in the southern semicircle, which circles around the TC center cyclonically afterwards and weakens in the north or northwestern part. A phase-lock WN1 PV forcing related to diabatic heating is proposed to be the major contributor, the importance of which is magnified as it is in phase with the WN1 horizontal advection of PV. The intrusion of mid-level warm and dry air, as well as the existence of a low-level southwesterly jet, is considered to be the main reasons for such a phase-lock of the diabatic heating forcing on the PV tendency field that finally results in the erratic track of Haitang.  相似文献   

Analyses and numerical modeling of a polar low over the Japan Sea on 19 December 2003   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jingtian Guo  Gang Fu  Ziliang Li  Limin Shao  Yihong Duan  Jianguo Wang 《Atmospheric Research》2007,85(3-4):395-412

A meso-α-scale polar low was observed over the Japan Sea on 19 December 2003. It initialed around 11 UTC over the northwestern part of the Japan Sea within a synoptic-scale parent low under the influence of baroclinic environment and disappeared over the eastern edge of Japan Islands with a lifetime of about 20 h. It is of interest that this polar low had “concentric eye-walls” and “warm core” structure at its mature stage. The evolutionary process and spatial structure of this polar low were investigated by using almost all available observational data, including the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-9, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery, the Final Analyses (FNL) data issued by National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), the surface observational data and the 9-station sounding data of Japan Islands. In order to study its development mechanism, a 24-h numerical simulation using the version 4.4 of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) starting from 12 UTC 19 December 2003 with an 8 km × 8 km resolution was performed. It is shown that the RAMS model reproduced the main features of the polar low reasonably well. The vorticity budget analyses indicate that the stretching term is the major contributor for the vorticity increase of the polar low. The baroclinic background seems to play significant role for the initial development of this polar low. However, the effect of the diabatic heating for its later development is also significant.  相似文献   

用地震走时反演计算长白山天池火山区二维地壳泊松比   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

刘志  张先康  王夫运  段永红  赖晓玲 《地震学报》2005,27(3):324-331

尝试应用一种同时获得地壳二维速度结构和界面形态的地震走时反演算法， 通过分别反演P波和S波速度结构， 计算深地震测深剖面的泊松比分布的方法， 并对长白山天池火山区测深剖面（L1）进行处理解释. 计算表明， 该方法克服了传统基于正演计算方法的诸多缺陷， 是计算测深剖面泊松比分布的行之有效的方法， 特别是在对火山岩浆系统及地壳断裂带研究中具有重要意义. 研究结果显示， 天池火山口下的地壳低速体内有一宽约30 km、 高约12 km的高泊松比异常区， 其泊松比值高于周围介质8％左右， 应为高温熔融岩石介质， 即岩浆囊. 在其上方直至上地壳顶部有一高泊松比条带， 代表了热物质上移的通道. 在其下部高泊松比区域， 局部深达莫霍面形成了地幔热物质底侵的可能通道. 三维台阵观测的层析成像和大地电磁测深研究结果均与上述结论相印证.   相似文献   

基于特征结构配置的结构鲁棒控制算法及仿真   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王国胜  张春巍  段广仁  欧进萍 《地震工程与工程振动》2005,25(2):125-129

本文提出了结构系统的鲁棒主动控制算法，其目的是求取状态反馈控制律，在闭环系统具有希望特征值前提下，使得闭环系统特征值关于参数摄动具有最小的灵敏度。基于状态反馈特征结构配置参数化方法和矩阵特征值灵敏度分析理论，该问题转化为含有约束条件的优化问题，并给出了求解该鲁棒控制问题的算法。该方法给出了特征值灵敏度函数的参数化表示，且直接基于结构系统矩阵，故便于工程应用。三自由度层间剪切型结构地震作用下的仿真分析，表明所提方法的有效性。  相似文献   

长江正源区可持续发展对策探讨     

卜建军  段其发  牛志军  王建雄 《华南地质与矿产》2005,(4):45-49,60

长江源区自然环境恶劣，生态脆弱，资源较缺乏，居民生活贫困，区域经济的发展和生态环境的保护面临着严峻的挑战。综合分析源区的现状和有利条件，认为旅游资源具有得天独厚的优势，如果加强基础设施建设，逐渐使牧民从散居到聚居，以旅游业为龙头，带动第三产业的发展，促进居民生活方式的多元化，提高居民生活质量和思想素质，树立环保意识，逐渐摆脱对草地的过分依赖，自觉保护生物多样性，优化和重建生态环境，从而实现人和自然的协调发展，步入可持续发展的轨道。  相似文献